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chain migration
:''For the migration pattern in birds, see bird migration#General patterns''
Chain migration has multiple meanings. It refers to the social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular city or neighborhood, whether in an immigrant-receiving country or in a new, usually urban, location in the home country. The term also refers to the process of foreign nationals immigrating to a new country under laws permitting their reunification with family members already living in the destination country. This mechanism is also known as serial migration.
Chain migration can be defined as a “movement in which prospective migrants learn of opportunities, are provided with transportation, and have initial accommodation and employment arranged by means of primary social relationships with previous migrants.”
==Chain migration and the accumulation of social capital==
According to James Coleman, “social capital…is created when the relations among persons change in ways that facilitate action.”〔James S. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), 304.〕 Douglas Massey, Jorge Durand and Nolan J. Malone apply this theory to chain migration, positing that, “each act of migration creates social capital among people to whom the migrant is related, thereby raising the odds of their migration.”〔Massey, 19.〕 In Massey ''et al.''’s argument, social capital is the tool by which chain migration occurs. In the context of migration, social capital refers to relationships, forms of knowledge and skills that advance one’s potential migration. One example is the positive impact of social capital on subsequent migration in China. Massey et al. link their definition to Gunnar Myrdal’s theory of cumulative causation of migration, stating that, “each act of migration alters the social context within which subsequent migration decisions are made, thus increasing the likelihood of additional movement. Once the number of network connections in a community reaches a critical threshold, migration becomes self-perpetuating.”〔Massey, 20.〕 Therefore, by initiating small social networks of migration, chain migration becomes a larger mass movement in and of itself.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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